Producing Humans and Natures – A Feminist Comment to Kallis and Swyngedouw

In her commentary on Kallis' and Swyngendouw's conversation 'Do Bees Produce Value?', Irina Velicu reminds us that feminist theories have long argued that ‘value’ depends on evaluators: ‘nature’ has not been valued but rather produced (as non-value) in modern dualisms of thinking. The inspiring dialogue between Kallis and Swyngendouw reminded me of indigenous (women/gender) politics, …

Do Bees Produce Value? A conversation between an ecological economist and a Marxist geographer

By Erik Swyngedouw and Giorgos Kallis * Erik Swyngedouw and Giorgos Kallis discuss potentialities and limits of nature's "free work" for Marx's labour theory of value. Giorgos Kallis: Erik, I remember you arguing that you cannot accept that bees do labour and contribute to value. What is the main Marxist argument against accepting the simple …